Which are the common complications associated with massive transfusions?

Massive transfusions frequently lead to electrolyte imbalances due to several factors. When large volumes of blood products are administered, there is a risk of dilutional effects on electrolytes present in the patient's bloodstream. For instance, the administration of red blood cells can lead to low levels of calcium, as citrate (an anticoagulant used in blood products) binds to calcium. Additionally, repeated blood transfusions can alter potassium levels, which is particularly important to monitor, as rapid increases in potassium can lead to dangerous cardiac complications.

While allergic reactions and thrombosis can occur in patients receiving transfusions, they are not as directly associated with the process of massive transfusions as electrolyte imbalances are. In massive transfusions, the physiological adjustments made in response to rapid volume changes significantly impact electrolyte homeostasis, making electrolyte imbalances a primary concern to address in the management of these patients.