What treatment is indicated for HSV encephalitis?

Acyclovir IV is the indicated treatment for HSV encephalitis due to its specific antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus. This condition is a medical emergency characterized by inflammation of the brain caused by the herpes simplex virus, and timely administration of acyclovir can significantly improve outcomes. Acyclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis, thereby reducing the viral load and helping to manage the infection effectively. Early initiation of this treatment is crucial, as it can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.

Other options listed do not have the appropriate antiviral spectrum for this specific infection. Vancomycin is primarily used for serious bacterial infections, particularly those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Ganciclovir is primarily effective against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and is not the first-line treatment for HSV infections. Clindamycin is an antibiotic that targets anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa but does not have efficacy against viral infections. Therefore, the choice of acyclovir IV aligns perfectly with the evidence-based treatment protocols for HSV encephalitis.