What is the recommended treatment for CMV encephalitis?

The recommended treatment for CMV (cytomegalovirus) encephalitis is IV ganciclovir or foscarnet because both medications are specifically indicated for severe CMV infections. Ganciclovir, an antiviral drug, is commonly used to treat CMV infections in immunocompromised patients, including those with encephalitis. Foscarnet is an alternative for patients who may have ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains or those who cannot tolerate ganciclovir due to its side effects.

These treatments are effective due to their mechanism of action targeting the viral DNA polymerase, inhibiting viral replication, and allowing the immune system to control the infection. This is crucial in managing CMV encephalitis, as a timely and effective antiviral therapy can significantly impact patient outcomes.

Other treatments mentioned, like oral acyclovir, are not effective against CMV since acyclovir is primarily used for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. IV penicillin is not appropriate for CMV infections as it targets bacterial infections instead. Topical antiviral medications would not be suitable for a systemic infection like CMV encephalitis, where severe manifestations develop within the central nervous system. Thus, using IV g