What does the goal of hypertonic saline treatment aim to accomplish?

The primary goal of hypertonic saline treatment is to remove free water from the body. Hypertonic saline is a concentrated solution of sodium chloride, which creates an osmotic gradient that draws water out of cells and into the extracellular space. This process is particularly useful in conditions associated with hyponatremia, where excess free water dilutes sodium levels in the bloodstream.

By administering hypertonic saline, clinicians aim to quickly correct low sodium levels by reducing the volume of free water relative to sodium in the body. This helps to restore normal serum sodium concentration and correct fluid imbalances in critically ill patients. Additionally, removing excess free water can help alleviate cerebral edema, as it reduces swelling in brain tissues, leading to improved neurological function.

In contrast, while increasing sodium levels does occur as a result of hypertonic saline administration, the primary mechanism and goal are related to water removal rather than just raising sodium levels.